Advanced English (2) • NOUNS • 'W'

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welfare
noun [U ] C2 dual-use • synonyms: well-being, support, benefit system • ensure/protect/promote someone’s welfare; be on welfare; welfare system/benefits/policy • child/public/social/economic welfare • freq in AmE: 8/10
The family had to go on welfare. | 2. She devoted her life to improving child welfare. | 3. He lost his job and had to rely on welfare for a few months.
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opieka społeczna, zasiłek, świadczenie
the health, happiness, and general well-being of a person or group; also refers to financial or social support provided by the government to individuals in need
Rodzina musiała korzystać z zasiłku socjalnego. | 2. Poświęciła życie poprawie sytuacji dzieci. | 3. Po utracie pracy był zmuszony korzystać z opieki społecznej.
child welfare
collocation with welfare noun [U ] C2 social • synonyms: child protection, child well-being, family support • promote/improve/protect child welfare; child welfare system/services/agency • freq in AmE: 8/10
She works for an organization that promotes child welfare. | 2. The new law aims to strengthen child welfare services. | 3. Neglect and abuse are major threats to child welfare.
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ochrona praw dziecka, opieka nad dzieckiem
the well-being, safety, and development of children, especially in relation to social services, legal protection, and family support systems; often used in policy, healthcare, and advocacy contexts
Pracuje w organizacji wspierającej dobro dziecka. | 2. Nowe przepisy mają wzmocnić system opieki nad dziećmi. | 3. Zaniedbanie i przemoc to główne zagrożenia dla dobra dziecka.
womb
noun [C ] C2 (no plural) • synonyms: uterus, cradle of life • womb imagery/symbolism; child in the womb; sacred womb • freq in AmE: 5/10
She felt a deep connection to the child growing in her womb. | 2. The poem described the earth as a nurturing womb.
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łono (u kobiety), macica
a soft, hollow organ in the female body where a baby develops before birth; often used symbolically to evoke origin, protection, and creation
Czuła głęboką więź z dzieckiem rozwijającym się w jej łonie. | 2. Wiersz opisywał ziemię jako opiekuńcze łono.
wager
noun [C ] C2 (UK usually jeopardise) • formal/gambling/literary • synonyms: bet, stake, gamble • place/make/accept a wager; high-stakes wager; wager on outcome • freq in AmE: 4/10
He placed a $100 wager on the horse race.
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zakład, stawka (w grze lub spekulacji)
a bet or stake placed on the outcome of an event, especially in gambling or speculative contexts; can also refer to the act of betting itself
Postawił 100 dolarów na wyścig koni.
windfall tax
noun [C ] C2 • economic/political • synonyms: excess profits tax, levy on windfall gains • impose/levy windfall tax on corporations; windfall tax on profits/earnings; controversial/temporary tax • freq in AmE: 4/10
Tech firms may face a windfall tax after record-breaking quarterly earnings.
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podatek od nadzwyczajnych zysków / nieoczekiwanego przypływu gotówki
a tax imposed on companies or individuals who receive unexpectedly large profits or financial gains, especially when those gains are seen as unearned or excessive
Firmy technologiczne mogą zostać objęte podatkiem po rekordowych zyskach.
white papers
noun [plural ] C1 formal • synonyms: policy documents, analytical reports, position papers • publish white papers on policy/tech/research • freq in AmE: 5/10
The government released several white papers on climate policy.
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oficjalne dokumenty, raporty analityczne, dokumenty strategiczne
authoritative reports or official documents that present information, analysis, or proposals on a specific issue; often used to inform decision-making or outline policy positions
Rząd opublikował dokument strategiczny dotyczący polityki energetycznej.

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