Lekcja Giulia 10

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Întrebare Răspuns
Ten zbiór jest bardzo trudny do zrozumienia.
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This filing system is very difficult to understand.
Nasz personel techniczny naprawi system.
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Our technical staff will fix the system.
ja wiem! pomaga zapamiętywać słowa.
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iKnow! helps you memorize words.
Ma trudności z zapamiętywaniem faktów do egzaminów.
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She has a hard time memorizing facts for exams.
Nauka języka to proces, który zaczyna się bardzo wcześnie.
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Learning a language is a process that begins very early in life.
Proces decyzyjny w tym urzędzie jest bardzo powolny.
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The decision-making process at this office is very slow.
To zadanie jest stosunkowo łatwe do wykonania, gdy nauczysz się tego procesu.
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This task is relatively easy to accomplish once you learn the process.
Jednym z ważnych etapów każdego procesu produkcyjnego jest sprawdzenie produktu końcowego pod kątem problemów.
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One important step in any manufacturing process is to inspect the final product for problems.
Mam dziwny schemat snu.
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I have a strange sleeping pattern.
Symulacje komputerowe mają na celu przewidywanie wzorców pogodowych.
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Computer simulations are designed to predict weather patterns.
Celowo zostawił otwarte drzwi.
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He purposefully left the door open.
Mam chorobę krwi.
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I have a blood disorder.
Badanie: Uczymy się języka w przedludzkim obszarze mózgu.
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Study: We Learn Language in Pre-Human Area of Brain.
Nowe badanie pokazuje, że ludzki mózg nie ma specjalnego obszaru ani systemu do nauki języków.
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A new study shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for language learning.
W rzeczywistości języka uczymy się w częściach naszego mózgu, które są również wykorzystywane do wielu innych celów.
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In fact, language is learned in parts of our brain that are also used for many other purposes.
Michael Ullman uczy się języków obcych od ponad 20 lat.
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Michael Ullman has been studying language learning for more than 20 years.
Wyjaśnia, że części mózgu związane z nauką języków są znacznie starsze niż sami ludzie.
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He explains that the parts of the brain that are linked to language learning are much older than humans themselves.
Zwierzęta też mają te systemy.
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Animals have these systems too.
Naukowcy wyjaśniają, że szczury do wykonywania niektórych zadań używają tych samych systemów pamięci co ludzie.
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Researchers explain that rats use the same memory systems as humans to complete some tasks.
Ullman i jego zespół przeanalizowali dane z 16 innych badań nad językiem.
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Ullman and his team looked at data from 16 other studies on language.
Odkryli, że ludzie uczą się języka za pomocą dwóch systemów pamięci: deklaratywnego i proceduralnego.
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They found that people learn language using two memory systems: declarative and procedural.
Na przykład zapamiętywanie słownictwa to proces pamięci deklaratywnej. Używamy tego procesu do zapamiętywania takich rzeczy, jak listy zakupów lub numery telefonów.
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Memorizing vocabulary, for example, is a declarative memory process. We use this process to memorize things such as shopping lists or phone numbers.
Z drugiej strony nauka gramatyki to proces pamięci proceduralnej.
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On the other hand, learning grammar is a procedural memory process.
Pamięć proceduralną wykorzystujemy do uczenia się różnych zadań, takich jak jazda na rowerze czy gra na instrumencie muzycznym.
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We use procedural memory to learn different tasks, such as riding a bicycle or playing a musical instrument.
Jednak Ullman wyjaśnia, że mózg dorosłego wykorzystuje systemy do nauki języka inaczej niż mózg dziecka.
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However, Ullman explains that the adult brain uses the systems to learn language differently than a child’s brain.
Dorośli uczący się języka mogą wykorzystywać swoją pamięć deklaratywną do uczenia się wzorców gramatycznych. Myślą o rzeczach celowo i starają się zapamiętać zasady.
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Adult language learners may use their declarative memory for learning grammar patterns. They think about things purposefully and try to memorize the rules.
Dla dziecka nauka gramatyki zwykle przebiega bardziej naturalnie. Nie muszą myśleć o regułach gramatycznych przed przemówieniem.
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For a child, learning grammar usually happens more naturally. They don’t have to think about grammar rules before speaking.
Ullman ma nadzieję, że jego badania pomogą nam poprawić nasze rozumienie języka i znaleźć lepsze podejścia do nauki języka, zarówno dla osób uczących się języka obcego, jak i osób z zaburzeniami językowymi.
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Ullman hopes his research will help us improve our understanding of language and find better approaches to language learning, both for people learning a foreign language and for those with language disorders.
Od jak dawna Michael Ullman uczy się języka?
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How long has Michael Ullman been studying language learning for?
Jakich systemów pamięci używają ludzie do nauki języków?
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What memory systems do people use for language learning?
Czy uczenie się nowego słownictwa jest procesem pamięci deklaratywnej czy proceduralnej?
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Is learning new vocabulary a declarative or procedural memory process?

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