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NEOLOGISM

the study of the origin and history

ETYMOLOGY

Taking over of words from other languages.  One of the most common sources of new words in English.

BORROWING

Joining of two separate words to produce a single form.

COMPOUNDING

It takes only the beginning of one word and joins it to the end of the other word.

BLENDING

When a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form

CLIPPING

A particular type of reduction, favored in Australian and British English.  A longer word is reduced to a single syllable.  -y or –ie is added to the end

HYPOCORISMS

A word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form another word of different type (usually a verb).

BACKFORMATION

Category change or functional shift.  A change in the function in the word  E. g when a noun comes to be used as a verb.

CONVERSION

Is not very common in English.  The invention of totally new terms.  Typical sources are trade names for commercial products that become general terms for any version of that product.

COINAGE

Words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

ACRONYMS

Added to the beginning of the word.

PREFIXES

Added to the end of the word.

SUFFIXES

New words are formed to be similar in some way to existing words.

ANALOGY

new words based on the name of a person or a place

EPONYMS

the study of form and structure of words, the type of investigation that analyzes all those basic “elements” (morphemes) used in a language

MORPHOLOGY

morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words.

FREE MORPHEMES

morphemes which cannot normally stand alone, but which are typically attached to another form.

BOUND MORPHEMES

Set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs which carry the 'content' on messages we convey.  We can add new lexical morphemes to the language rather easily, so they are treated as an “open” class of words

LEXICAL MORPHEMES

Set that consists largely of functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns.  We almost never add functional morphemes to the language, they describe as a “closed” class od words.

FUNCTIONAL MORPHEMES

the actual form used to realize morphemes

MORPH

any of the phonological representations of a single morpheme.

ALLOMORPHS

* the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences (objective & general meaning, not subjective and local)

SEMANTICS