VOCABULARY 2 (UNIVERSITY)

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Up-ended
The storm up-ended the entire garden, leaving flowers hanging upside down from their broken stems.
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upside down
Keg
After the festival, we found an empty keg of beer rolled into the corner of the yard.
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barrel of beer
TO TAKE SOMEBODY APART
The professor took the student apart during the presentation for not preparing properly.
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zmieszać kogoś z błotem
Denouement
The denouement of the mystery novel revealed that the butler was the culprit all along.
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an outcome; result
Slaughter
The historical account described the slaughter of innocent civilians during the war.
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kill a large number of people indiscriminately
Equivalence
The judge ruled that the two contracts held equivalence in legal standing.
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the state of being equal or alike in value or importance
To Counter
The lawyer prepared a strong argument to counter the prosecution's claims.
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odpierać, odrzucać, przeciwdziałać, wstrzymywać
Scrawl
His signature was a hasty scrawl that no one could read.
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write carelessly
Scrutiny
The politician’s expenses came under intense scrutiny from the media.
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close observation
Exponent
She is a well-known exponent of renewable energy solutions.
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someone who supports a particular idea/belief
Twitchy
He felt twitchy before the big presentation, unable to sit still.
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nervous and unable to relax
Variations
Scientists study variations in DNA to understand genetic diversity.
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any difference between individuals of the same species
Conscientious
The conscientious student always double-checked her work before submitting it.
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characterized by extreme care and great effort
Solitary
The solitary hiker enjoyed the peace of the empty trail.
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alone
Devoted
She was a devoted mother, always putting her children’s needs first.
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dedicated
Prejudice
The workshop aimed to address prejudice in the workplace.
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a negative attitude toward an entire category of people
Apathetic
His apathetic response to the news surprised everyone.
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feeling or showing little emotion
Aggressive
The aggressive dog barked loudly at anyone who approached the fence.
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ready to attack or start fights
Mature
Despite his age, he handled the situation in a mature manner.
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having or showing the mental and emotional qualities of an adult
Attentive
The attentive waiter noticed every small detail of our order.
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alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful
Extrovert
As an extrovert, she thrived in social gatherings and loved meeting new people.
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one who is outgoing
Insensitive
His insensitive comment hurt her feelings without him realizing it.
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niedelikatny, niestosowny, bezduszny, mało wyrozumiały
Scold
The teacher had to scold the students for talking during the exam.
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remonstrate with or rebuke someone angrily
Quarrel
They had a bitter quarrel over how to manage the family business.
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an angry argument or disagreement
Abandon
The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship to save their lives.
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to leave behind
Account for
He couldn’t account for his absence from the meeting yesterday.
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to explain the reason for something
To whet someone's appetite
The chef served a small taster dish to whet our appetite for the main course.
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to give someone a sample/a small part of something so they would want more
Not averse to
She’s not averse to trying new foods, even if they seem unusual.
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not opposed to
Acquaint with
Before the trip, he took time to acquaint himself with the local customs.
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familiarize
Make amends to
He tried to make amends to his friend after their argument.
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make up for something
It goes without saying
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
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to się rozumie samo przez się; to mówi samo za siebie; to świadczy samo za siebie
Does not approve of
My parents do not approve of my decision to drop out of college.
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does not like/does not respect
To be the apple of someone's eye
Her youngest daughter was the apple of her eye, always bringing her joy.
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something precious
Alternative
When the main road was closed, we took an alternative route through the countryside.
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choice
Take something for granted
We often take clean water for granted, but it’s a luxury in many parts of the world.
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to not appreciate something
TO BLOW ONE’S TOP
When he heard the news, he blew his top and started shouting.
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wpaść w szał, eksplodować, wściec się
Urchin
The little urchin ran through the market, knocking over baskets of fruit.
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a mischievous child
Habitually
She habitually arrives late to every meeting, no matter how important.
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repeatedly or continuously
betrothen
The betrothen couple announced their wedding date to the family.
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zaręczony
Engaged
They got engaged last summer and are planning their wedding for next June.
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zaręczony/na
Fiancée
He introduced his fiancée to his parents at the family dinner.
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a woman engaged to be married
Acquaintance
She’s just an acquaintance from my old job; we don’t keep in touch.
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a person known to one, but usually not a close friend
Colleague
My colleague helped me finish the project before the deadline.
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co-worker
Figure
The artist sketched a human figure in the corner of the canvas.
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figure
Infant
The infant slept peacefully in the crib.
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baby
Juvenile
His juvenile behavior at the meeting embarrassed everyone.
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young or immature
Toddler
The toddler took his first wobbly steps across the room.
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1-3 years old
Alien
As an alien in a new country, he struggled to adapt to the local customs.
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a citizen of another country; foreign, strange
Outsider
She always felt like an outsider at school because she was new.
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a person who is not part of a group
Stranger
Don’t talk to strangers on the street, the mother warned her child.
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someone you do not know
Aged
The aged oak tree had stood in the park for over a century.
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state of being old
Ancient
The ancient ruins told stories of civilizations long gone.
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very old
Elder
The elder of the village was respected for his wisdom and experience.
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a person who is older
Ancestors
We traced our ancestors back to the 18th century through genealogy records.
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family members from past generations
Descendants
The royal family’s descendants still hold influence in the country today.
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children, grandchildren, and continuing generations
Bachelor
At 40, he was still a bachelor, enjoying his freedom.
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a man who has not married
Independent
She prided herself on being independent, never relying on others for help.
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free from outside control
Single
He’s been single for years but is happy with his life.
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not married
Assistant groom
The assistant groom made sure everything ran smoothly during the ceremony.
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helper at a wedding
Best man
His brother served as the best man at his wedding.
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a male friend or relative of the bridegroom at a wedding
Godfather
In the movie, the godfather was a powerful and feared figure.
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Mafia boss (or a man who sponsors a child at baptism)
A BLOKE
That bloke at the pub was telling the funniest stories.
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facet, gość, koleś
A CHAP
He’s a good chap, always ready to lend a hand.
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chłop, facet, chłopak
A LAD
The young lad worked hard to support his family.
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chłopak, chłopiec
Involvement
The company’s involvement in the community project was widely praised.
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consumer's interest in a product or service
Aloof
The new manager seemed aloof, rarely engaging in casual conversations.
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not friendly or forthcoming
Beam
She greeted everyone with a beam, lighting up the room.
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a joyful smile
TO GUFFAW
The audience guffawed at the comedian’s latest joke.
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śmiać się głośno, rechotać
Attribution
The study focused on the attribution of success to either luck or hard work.
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process of assigning causes to behavior
Nearest and dearest
He spent the holiday with his nearest and dearest, enjoying their company.
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close relatives/friends
Newlyweds
The newlyweds were still glowing from their honeymoon.
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a man and woman who have not been married long
Contemporaries
Picasso and Matisse were contemporaries, both shaping modern art.
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those who exist/live at the same time
Outcasts
The novel’s protagonist was an outcast, shunned by his community.
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a person who has been rejected by society or a social group
Unanswerable
The philosopher’s question was unanswerable, leaving everyone in silence.
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impossible to answer
Inadvertently
She inadvertently locked her keys in the car.
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unintentionally
Convoluted
The instructions were so convoluted that no one could follow them.
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intricate and complicated
Hardwired
Some people seem hardwired to be optimistic, no matter the circumstances.
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inherent, born with
Guesswork
The answer was pure guesswork, as there was no data to rely on.
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the process or results of guessing
To purport
The document purports to be a historical record, but its authenticity is doubted.
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to profess, suppose, claim
TO COME OUT ON TOP
Despite the challenges, she managed to come out on top in the competition.
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dopiąć swego
Markedly
His performance improved markedly after he started training regularly.
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noticeably
Predecessors
The new CEO had big shoes to fill, following in the footsteps of his successful predecessors.
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someone or something that came before
Interlacing
The interlacing pattern on the sweater was intricate and beautiful.
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the point at which a yarn changes its position from one side of the fabric to the other
Scrupulous
The scrupulous editor caught every minor error in the manuscript.
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exact, careful, attending thoroughly to details
Hit the roof
When he saw the damage, he hit the roof.
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to get very angry
Off the record
The politician spoke off the record about the sensitive issue.
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information from an official that cannot be printed
TO RACK ONE’S BRAIN
I racked my brain trying to remember where I left my keys.
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myśleć bardzo intensywnie, łamać sobie głowę
It stands to reason
It stands to reason that if you study hard, you’ll do well on the exam.
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it is logical
As a last resort
She only called her parents as a last resort, after trying everything else.
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when all else has failed
Put down roots
After years of traveling, they decided to put down roots in a small town.
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to settle down
Quandary
She was in a quandary, unsure of which job offer to accept.
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a state of perplexity or doubt
An unknown quantity
The new employee was still an unknown quantity to the team.
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a person or thing whose qualities and abilities are not yet known
Know the ropes
After a few months, he knew the ropes and could handle the job independently.
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to be fully acquainted with the procedures
Cut to the quick
His harsh words cut her to the quick, leaving her in tears.
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to cause someone deep emotional hurt
On the quiet
She left the room on the quiet, not wanting to draw attention.
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silently
Call it quits
After years of struggling, they decided to call it quits and close the business.
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give up, stop
Make do with something
We had to make do with a small apartment until we could afford a house.
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use what is available although it is not enough or what you wanted
Give someone their marching orders
The manager gave him his marching orders after the argument.
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to dismiss someone
Meet one's match
In the chess tournament, he finally met his match in the reigning champion.
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compete with someone as good as/better than you
Mean well
She meant well when she gave advice, even if it wasn’t helpful.
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to have good intentions
Mint condition
The vintage car was in mint condition, looking as good as new.
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in perfect condition
Name names
The whistleblower refused to name names, protecting his sources.
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identify someone who has done something (usually immoral or illegal)
Risk one's neck
The firefighter risked his neck to save the child from the burning building.
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put oneself in danger
Touch a nerve
His comment about her past touched a nerve, making her upset.
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mention a sensitive subject
To rise to the occasion
Despite the pressure, the team rose to the occasion and won the championship.
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overcome a difficult situation by doing everything necessary to succeed
A drop in the ocean
The donation was just a drop in the ocean compared to what was needed.
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a very small amount that will not have much effect
On the off chance
She took an umbrella on the off chance that it might rain.
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just in case
Not on
His behavior at the party was not on; he embarrassed everyone.
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unacceptable behavior
Living beyond one's means
Many people fall into debt because they’re living beyond their means.
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spending more than you can afford
Miles away
She stared out the window, miles away, lost in her memories.
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deep in thought
A nest egg
They saved a nest egg for their children’s education.
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sum of money saved for a particular purpose
None the wiser
After the explanation, I was none the wiser about how it worked.
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know nothing more than before
Go overboard
She went overboard with the decorations, covering every inch of the house.
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to do too much
Overstep the mark
His joke overstepped the mark and offended several people.
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behave in an unacceptable way
Own up
He finally owned up to breaking the vase.
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to tell someone that you have done something wrong
Get your own back
After the prank, she was determined to get her own back.
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take/get revenge
In good order
The house was left in good order after the tenants moved out.
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in good condition
Made to order
The suit was made to order, tailored perfectly to his measurements.
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specially made, not from stock
To be in the same boat
We’re in the same boat—neither of us has a job right now.
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to be in the same situation
To be all at sea
Without a map, we were all at sea in the unfamiliar city.
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to be in a state of confusion
Get on
The project is getting on well, ahead of schedule.
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to make progress
Get on with
After the break, she got on with her work.
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concentrate/continue
Go in for
He decided to go in for the photography contest.
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enter (a competition, etc); like
Keep on
Even after the setback, they kept on trying.
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to continue
Hold back
The police held back the crowd to let the ambulance through.
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stop someone or something from moving forward
Look up to
Many young athletes look up to him as a role model.
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to respect someone; to admire someone
Lay off
The company had to lay off 50 employees due to financial difficulties.
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to stop employing a worker
Keep back
She tried to keep back her tears during the sad movie.
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to hide
Make up for
He worked extra hours to make up for the time he missed.
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compensate for
Make out
She made out that she was sick to avoid the meeting.
începe să înveți
pretend that something is true
Live with
You’ll have to live with the consequences of your actions.
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tolerate/accept something and endure it
Stand up to
He stood up to the bully, refusing to be intimidated.
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to resist
Live up to
The new employee lived up to all our expectations.
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reach an expected standard
Stand by
She promised to stand by her friend no matter what.
începe să înveți
to support
Stand up for
He stood up for his beliefs, even when others disagreed.
începe să înveți
to defend
Act up
The computer started acting up again, freezing every few minutes.
începe să înveți
behave awkwardly or badly
Answer back
The student was scolded for answering back to the teacher.
începe să înveți
reply rudely to someone with more authority
Back out
He backed out of the deal at the last minute.
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to withdraw
Back up
Her friends backed her up when she told her story.
începe să înveți
to support
Bear with
Please bear with me while I figure this out.
începe să înveți
to be patient
Be beneath
She felt that cleaning the floors was beneath her.
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be demeaning
Be down with
He’s down with the flu and won’t be at work today.
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be ill (with disease)
Be in for it
If you don’t finish your homework, you’ll be in for it when your dad gets home.
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be about to receive punishment/trouble
Be into
She’s really into painting these days.
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to be interested in
Be in with
He’s in with the manager, so he always gets the best assignments.
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be in favor with
Be off
The meeting was off due to the storm.
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to be canceled; to cease interest in something
Be up to
What are you up to in there? It’s been quiet for hours.
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to be doing something
Break down
She broke down in tears when she heard the news.
începe să înveți
to lose control emotionally
Break in
He broke in to say that dinner was ready.
începe să înveți
to interrupt
Break out
War broke out in 1914, changing the course of history.
începe să înveți
to start suddenly
Break through
The scientist broke through with a cure for the disease.
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(1) make a discovery, (2) become visible, (3) achieve success despite obstacles
Call in
The doctor decided to call in a specialist for a second opinion.
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to consult
Clear off
The thieves cleared off before the police arrived.
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to run away
Come by
Good tickets for the concert are hard to come by.
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to obtain
Come forward
Several witnesses came forward after the accident.
începe să înveți
offer help or information
Come on
The construction project is coming on nicely.
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develop or make progress
Come over
A strange feeling came over her as she entered the old house.
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happen; have a result or effect on someone
Come through
Despite the odds, the small business came through the crisis.
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survive, succeed
Come up
An opportunity came up that was too good to pass up.
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to appear
Do away with
The company decided to do away with the old policy.
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to abolish
Be done for
If we don’t act quickly, we’ll be done for.
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to be ruined
Do out of
He was done out of his inheritance by a dishonest relative.
începe să înveți
cheat somebody out of something
Drive at
What are you driving at with all these questions?
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imply, suggest
Bank on something
Don’t bank on him arriving on time; he’s always late.
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to count or rely on something
Bears out
The evidence bears out his version of the story.
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depend on something
Blew over
The scandal blew over after a few weeks.
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became less important and were then forgotten
Bring up
She brought up an interesting point during the discussion.
începe să înveți
to mention
Bring off
He brought off a surprising victory in the election.
începe să înveți
to succeed in doing something
Bring round
The paramedics brought him round after he fainted.
începe să înveți
to revive
Brush up on
I need to brush up on my Spanish before the trip.
începe să înveți
practice and improve your skills
Build up
Tension built up between the two countries over the border dispute.
începe să înveți
to accumulate
Catch on
The new song quickly caught on with teenagers.
începe să înveți
to become popular
Carry off
She carried off the difficult role with ease.
începe să înveți
to succeed in doing something difficult
Carry out
The researchers carried out a series of experiments.
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complete, accomplish
Calls for
The situation calls for immediate action.
începe să înveți
demands
Called off
The picnic was called off because of the rain.
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canceled
Called up
He was called up during the war.
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being ordered to serve in the armed forces
Chip in
Everyone chipped in to buy a gift for the retiring teacher.
începe să înveți
contribute to some cause
Check up on
The boss checked up on the progress of the project.
începe să înveți
to find out what someone is doing
Cut down on
The doctor told him to cut down on sugar.
începe să înveți
to reduce
Cut off
The phone call was cut off before we finished talking.
începe să înveți
to disconnect, interrupt
Draw in
As autumn approaches, the days begin to draw in.
începe să înveți
shorten (of days)
Fall back
The army was forced to fall back to a safer position.
începe să înveți
retreat
Fall back on
When his business failed, he fell back on his savings.
începe să înveți
use as a last resort
Fall for
He fell for her the first time they met.
începe să înveți
to fall in love
Fall in with
She fell in with her friends’ plans for the weekend.
începe să înveți
to agree with
Fall out with
They fell out with each other over a silly argument.
începe să înveți
to have a disagreement and stop being friends
Feel for
I really feel for her after everything she’s been through.
începe să înveți
to sympathize
Fit in
It took him a while to fit in with his new classmates.
începe să înveți
mix well with others
Baffled by
I was baffled by the complex instructions.
începe să înveți
confused by
Coincide with
The meeting coincided with my lunch break.
începe să înveți
to be the same as
On the spur of the moment
We decided on the spur of the moment to go to the beach.
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suddenly, without planning
A blessing in disguise
Losing that job was a blessing in disguise; it led me to a better career.
începe să înveți
a good thing that seemed bad at first
Drives a hard bargain
You won’t get a discount—he drives a hard bargain.
începe să înveți
expects a lot in exchange for something
A bee in his bonnet
He’s got a bee in his bonnet about recycling.
începe să înveți
to be very involved in something that you think is important
Butterflies in one's stomach
She had butterflies in her stomach before the big performance.
începe să înveți
to be nervous/stressed/anxious
On the verge of
She was on the verge of tears after the sad news.
începe să înveți
the point at which something begins
At the crack of dawn
They set off at the crack of dawn to avoid the traffic.
începe să înveți
very early in the morning
Over the moon
She was over the moon when she found out she got the job.
începe să înveți
extremely happy
A change is as good as a rest
After years in the same job, he decided a change is as good as a rest and switched careers.
începe să înveți
a change in routine is refreshing
Don't fix it if it ain't broke
The old saying goes, “Don’t fix it if it ain’t broke.”
începe să înveți
don’t change/fix something which is good
The other side of the coin
Success has its rewards, but the other side of the coin is the hard work it requires.
începe să înveți
opposite side or point of view
Got to move with the times
Businesses have got to move with the times to stay competitive.
începe să înveți
adapt
Taken as read
It’s taken as read that everyone will contribute to the project.
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generally accepted
To put a spanner in the works
The sudden strike put a spanner in the works for the company’s plans.
începe să înveți
to sabotage
Put someone in mind of something
The smell of fresh bread put me in mind of my grandmother’s kitchen.
începe să înveți
remind someone of a memory or an idea
All walks of life
The festival attracted people from all walks of life.
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all social, economic, and ethnic groups
The tail wags the dog
In that company, the tail wags the dog—the interns seem to run the place.
începe să înveți
the less important factor dominates
Knee-jerk response
His knee-jerk response to criticism was to get defensive.
începe să înveți
an immediate response made without thinking
To be tantamount to treason
In some regimes, criticizing the leader is tantamount to treason.
începe să înveți
to be close to treason
The dissenting voice of
She was the dissenting voice of reason in the heated debate.
începe să înveți
person who disagreed
To come round to the point of something
After much hesitation, he came round to the point of his proposal.
începe să înveți
to finally speak about the topic
Change is a given
In this industry, change is a given—you have to adapt quickly.
începe să înveți
to be accepted
To be customer-led
The company’s success comes from being customer-led in its approach.
începe să înveți
to be popular
To seize upon something
He seized upon the opportunity to travel abroad.
începe să înveți
to take without asking
act up
The toddler started to **act up** when he didn’t get his favorite toy.
începe să înveți
źle się zachowywać
answer back
The teenager **answered back** when his father scolded him for coming home late.
începe să înveți
defend oneself, respond rudely to sb, pyskować
back out
He promised to help with the project but **backed out** at the last minute.
începe să înveți
wycofać się
back up
My friends always **back me up** when I need their support.
începe să înveți
wspierać
bear with
Please **bear with** me while I try to fix this technical issue.
începe să înveți
być cierpliwym
be beneath
She felt that cleaning the office toilets was **beneath** her dignity.
începe să înveți
be demeaning (poniżający)
be down with
He couldn’t come to work because he was **down with** the flu.
începe să înveți
be ill
be in for it
If you break Mom’s favorite vase, you’ll **be in for it** when she finds out.
începe să înveți
be about to receive punishment
be in with
He’s **in with** the boss, so he always gets the best assignments.
începe să înveți
być w zgodzie
be off
After a few dates, he was **off** the idea of dating her.
începe să înveți
cease to be interested in sth
break down
She **broke down** in tears after hearing the tragic news.
începe să înveți
stracić kontrolę nad emocjami
break in
He **broke in** to say that the meeting was starting in five minutes.
începe să înveți
interrupt
break out
War **broke out** in Europe in 1939.
începe să înveți
wybuchnąć
break through
The scientist **broke through** the barriers of traditional thinking with her discovery.
începe să înveți
overcome obstacles
bank on
You can **bank on** him to keep his word.
începe să înveți
count on/ depend on
bear out
The evidence **bears out** his alibi for the night of the crime.
începe să înveți
potwierdzać, support the truth in a given situation
blow over
The storm **blew over** quickly, and the sun came out again.
începe să înveți
ustawać, przemijać
bring up
She **brought up** the topic of climate change during the discussion.
începe să înveți
mention a subject
bring off
No one thought he could do it, but he **brought off** a amazing victory.
începe să înveți
dokonać czegoś, osiągnąć coś (surprisingly)
bring round
The paramedics **brought round** the unconscious man with oxygen.
începe să înveți
ocucić, revive
brush up on
I need to **brush up on** my French before traveling to Paris.
începe să înveți
improve a skill
build up
Stress can **build up** if you don’t take time to relax.
începe să înveți
accumulate
catch on
The new slang term quickly **caught on** among teenagers.
începe să înveți
przyjąć się, zyskać popularność
carry off
Despite his nervousness, he **carried off** his presentation perfectly.
începe să înveți
poradzić sobie z czymś
carry out
The researchers **carried out** a series of experiments to test their hypothesis.
începe să înveți
przeprowadzać
call for
This recipe **calls for** fresh basil and tomatoes.
începe să înveți
require
call up
During the war, many young men were **called up** to serve in the army.
începe să înveți
wezwany do wojska, conscripted
chip in
Everyone **chipped in** to buy a gift for their retiring teacher.
începe să înveți
złożyć się na coś
call off
The wedding was **called off** because the groom got cold feet.
începe să înveți
odwołać, postpone
call in
If you have any problems, don’t hesitate to **call in** an expert.
începe să înveți
(do)zadzwonić
clear off
The trespassers **cleared off** when they saw the police approaching.
începe să înveți
wynieść się
come by
Tickets for that concert are hard **to come by**.
începe să înveți
zdobyć coś co jest trudne do zdobycia
come forward
After the accident, several witnesses **came forward** to help.
începe să înveți
przyjść z pomocą
come on
The construction of the new bridge is **coming on** well.
începe să înveți
robić postępy
come over
A strange feeling **came over** me when I entered the old house.
începe să înveți
przyjść, happen
come through
Despite the difficulties, the small business **came through** the crisis.
începe să înveți
docierać, przychodzić, wychodzić cało
come up to
The new movie **came up to** all the hype and was a box office success.
începe să înveți
sprostać oczekiwaniom
do away with
The company decided **to do away with** the old policy.
începe să înveți
pozbyć się
be done for
If we don’t find a solution soon, our team will **be done for**.
începe să înveți
być skończonym, bezsilnym, pokonanym
do out of
He was **done out of** his inheritance by his deceitful cousin.
începe să înveți
pozbawić
drive at
What exactly are you **driving at** with all these questions?
începe să înveți
zmierzać do czegoś, imply
check up on
The manager decided **to check up on** the employee’s recent absences.
începe să înveți
investigate sb's behaviour
cut down on
The doctor advised him **to cut down on** his sugar intake.
începe să înveți
reduce
cut off
The telephone line was **cut off** during the storm.
începe să înveți
odciąć
draw in
As winter approaches, the days begin **to draw in**.
începe să înveți
shorten (days)
fall back
The soldiers were forced **to fall back** when the enemy advanced.
începe să înveți
wycofać się
fall back on
When his business failed, he **fell back on** his savings.
începe să înveți
turn to sb for help when all else has failed
fall for
He **fell for** her the moment he saw her smile.
începe să înveți
fall in love with sb
fall in with
She **fell in with** her friends’ plan to go hiking this weekend.
începe să înveți
agree to
fall out with
They **fell out with** each other over a misunderstanding.
începe să înveți
quarrel
fall through
Their plans for a vacation **fell through** because of the pandemic.
începe să înveți
fail to take place
feel for
I really **feel for** her after everything she’s been through.
începe să înveți
współczuć
fit in
It took him a while **to fit in** with his new coworkers.
începe să înveți
mix well with others

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